The project includes a 522 km, 610 and 660 mm diameter iron ore pipeline, which when complete will be the longest and largest iron concentrate pipeline in the world. Two pump stations have been provided for the pipeline with the provision to add additional pumps later should iron ore transport capacity increase as the mine develops.
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The carriage of most iron ore products in bulk form is subject to the provisions of the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code . The code requires the shipper of such bulk cargoes to issue a cargo declaration to the carrier. Such a cargo declaration should include the appropriate information to enable the carrier to take the necessary precautions for proper stowage and carriage of the cargo concerned. A standard form for this information has been developed and the IMSBC code should be consulted for the further details and particulars of such a form.
Liquefaction is one of the main risks when carrying iron ore and in particular iron ore fines. Cargoes that are liable to liquefaction are classified in the IMSBC code as group A cargoes. Fines is a general term used to indicate the physical form of a mineral or similar cargo and, as the name suggests, such cargoes include a large proportion of small particles. In a dry, granular, well trimmed cargo the individual particles are in contact with each other such that frictional forces prevent them sliding over one another. However, if there is enough moisture present then there is the potential for the cargo to behave like a liquid. This is because settling of the cargo occurs under the influences of vibration and the motion of the ship. As such, the spaces between the particles reduce in size with an accompanying increase in water pressure between the particles. This results in a reduction in friction between the particles and can allow the cargo to shift suddenly. The tendency of l...
The Supreme Court set aside the High Court judgment quashing the Goa governments 2018 decision permitting transportation of mineral/iron ore mined prior to March 15, 2018. The High Court order came on a plea by NGO Goa Foundation which challenged the permission granted by the state to transport minerals mined before March 15, 2018.
Therefore, the Bench set aside the judgment of the Bombay High Court and upheld the decision of the state government permitting the transport of iron or mined before March 15, 2018. The Bench further directed the mining firms to transport the iron ore within a period of six months from the date of judgment, provided it has paid royalty to the ...
The Australian mining company reported iron ore production of 5.0 million metric tons in the three months through September, down from 5.2 million tons in the quarter before. Output of spodumene ...
A large range of ores are shipped in unprocessed condition. This category includes two particular type of unprocessed ores which have led to high profile casualties involving the loss of life of dozens of seafarers as a result of the cargoes liquefying on board during transit. Apart from a number of tragic losses, there is also record of several near misses and time consuming charter party disputes as a result of shipping these cargoes. The cargoes in question are: 1. Lateritic nickel orefrom Indonesia, Phillipines, New Caledonia 2. Iron ore fines from India There have also been reports raising concern on similar problems with sinter feedcargoes from Brazil, chromite ore and mill scale.
This ore has a rusty red colour, which is typical for all laterite soil types which are inherently rich in iron and iron oxides. The appearance is that of a heterogeneous mixture of fine clay like and larger rock like particulars. The iron oxide and clay minerals host mineral for nickel but also for instance cobalt. The amount of nickel found in these ores is low, typically not more than 2%. Origin Lateritic ore develops by long lasting weathering of the parent rock and particularly occurs in tropical areas with a repetition of wet and dry seasons. The majority of the worlds nickel resources are contained in these laterites and account for a large proportion of the worlds nickel production. The main areas in the world with the largest nickel laterite sources are New Caledonia, Australia, the Phillipines and Indonesia, for the latter mainly the island of Sulawesi. Main shipment locations in the Philippines are Rio Tuba , Surigao and Tubay and Santa Cruz...
Iron ore fines is a grey / rusty red coloured fine sized material, shipped in bulk. Incidents with liquefying cargo on board seagoing vessels have been reported with iron ore fines loaded at the Indian ports of Mangalore and Paradip. Iron ore is a natural material that is mined all around the world. Iron ore fines are created as a result of mining, crushing and processing the larger pieces of ore. Iron ore fines are less desirable as they need to be sintered before they can be utilised, otherwise it will effectively smother the air flow in the blast furnace. The reason lump is preferred is that when it is fed into a blast furnace for steel making, its particle size allows oxygen or air to circulate around the raw materials and melt them efficiently. Industry standards typically place iron ore lumps into the size range of 6 to 31 mm, and iron ore fines at particles of less than 6 mm. The iron content of the fines is typically above 60%. Application Iron ore is th...
Sinter feed is an iron concentrate containing fine particles and moisture. It has a dark grey to red / rusty colour. Stability problems have been reported on board ocean going vessels which had loaded sinter feed cargoes at Ponta Madeira, Brazil. Stability problems were reportedly caused by liquefaction / free water separation resting on top of the cargo. Application Sinter feed is used for manufacturing of steel. Due to its fine grained size, it requires sintering before it can be added into the blast furnace.
Liquefaction Albeit that the above mentioned cargoes are not listed as such in the relevant IMSBC Publication , they must be considered as cargoes which include a significant risk of liquefaction . Liquefaction is the transition process of a cargo from a solid state to a viscous fluid state by which all or part of the cargo can flatten out to form a fluid surface. In this form the liquefied cargo may flow from one side of the ships cargo hold to the other. In naval architecture this is called a free surface effect, which causes a dramatic reduce of the ships metacentric height or stability. The effect primarily increases with the width of the hold, the free surface moment thereby defined as the resultant from the formula: FSM = 1/12 x length x width3 As a consequence, the effect of the hold width over which the liquid can flow has a reduction effect on the ships stability, by the third power. The process of liquefaction, res...
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Mine Slurry Transport International Mining
The project includes a 522 km, 610 and 660 mm diameter iron ore pipeline, which when complete will be the longest and largest iron concentrate pipeline in the world. Two pump stations have been provided for the pipeline with the provision to add additional pumps later should iron ore transport capacity increase as the mine develops.